Harakat
Arabic letters are consonants and cannot be read on their own. The letters are spoken by the following signs highlighted on the top or the bottom of each letter. We call these signs haraka, which means movement.
There are three harakat; Fatha, Kasra and Dhamma.
Fatha 
The Fatha sign is a small line placed above a letter.The Fatha enables the light letters (blue boxes) to produce a short /a/ sound as in “Magnet”. If the Fatha on the heavy letters(green boxes) produce a slightly heavier /a/ sound as in “Sun” or “Duck”.
Now let’s read our first adjoining words.
Don’t forget: Arabic is read from right to left.
